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Angina Pectoris: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

WebAngina pectoris is the result of myocardial ischemia caused by an imbalance between myocardial blood supply and oxygen demand. It is a common presenting …

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URL: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150215-overview

Hypertensive Emergencies: Uncontrolled Blood Pressure, …

WebWith the advent of antihypertensive agents, the incidence of hypertensive emergencies in the United States has declined from 7% to approximately 1% of patients …

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Hypertension Clinical Presentation

WebA study by Wong and Mitchell indicated that independent of other risk factors, the presence of certain signs of hypertensive retinopathy (eg, retinal hemorrhages, …

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Myocardial Infarction: Practice Essentials, Background, Definitions

WebMyocardial infarction (MI) (ie, heart attack) is the irreversible death (necrosis) of heart muscle secondary to prolonged lack of oxygen supply (ischemia). Approximately …

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Acute Coronary Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Etiology

WebPractice Essentials. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) refers to a spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from those for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction …

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Hospital-Acquired Infections: Practice Essentials, Background

WebHospital-based programs of surveillance, prevention and control of healthcare-associated infections have been in place since the 1950s. [] The Study on the …

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Cardiovascular Disease Primary Prevention/Lifestyle Guidelines

WebCholesterol. The 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans did not bring forward the recommendation in the 2010 guidelines that cholesterol intake be limited to …

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Influenza: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

WebInfluenza, one of the most common infectious diseases, is a highly contagious airborne disease that occurs in seasonal epidemics and manifests as an …

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Illness Anxiety Disorder

WebDSM-5-TR [ 1] criteria for illness anxiety disorder are: A. Preoccupation with having or acquiring a serious illness. B. Somatic symptoms are not present or, if present, …

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Wound Healing and Repair

WebWound healing is a complex and dynamic process of replacing devitalized and missing cellular structures and tissue layers. [ 1] The human adult wound healing …

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Folate Deficiency: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology

WebFolate (vitamin B9) is an essential water-soluble vitamin that occurs in fruits, green leafy vegetables, liver, and other foods. [] Folic acid, the synthesized form of …

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Pressure Injuries (Pressure Ulcers) and Wound Care

WebApproximately 70%-90% of pressure injuries are superficial and heal by second intention. Successful medical management of pressure injuries relies on the …

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

WebPractice Essentials. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is estimated to affect 32 million persons in the United States and is the third leading cause …

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Obesity in Children: Background, Etiology and

WebBackground. Obesity is the most prevalent nutritional disorder among children and adolescents in the United States. Approximately 21-24% of American …

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Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treatment & Management

WebType 2 diabetes mellitus consists of an array of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, …

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Erectile Dysfunction: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy

WebErectile dysfunction (ED), formerly termed impotence, is defined as "the inability to attain and/or maintain penile erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual …

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Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (Nosocomial Pneumonia) and …

WebAccording to American Thoracic Society (ATS) guidelines, nosocomial pneumonia or hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is defined as a lung infection that …

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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Treatment & Management

WebPelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infectious and inflammatory disorder of the upper female genital tract, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and adjacent pelvic …

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Gender Identity: Definitions, Development of Gender Identity

WebGender identity and gender role Gender identity is defined as a personal conception of oneself as male or female (or rarely, both or neither). This concept is …

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