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1.1: Introduction to organic chemistry

WEBSome hydrocarbons have one or more carbon–carbon double bonds (denoted C=C). These hydrocarbons are called alkenes (see section 3.2. for more information) Note that the …

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18.14: Aldehydes and Ketones

WEBAldehydes are readily oxidized to carboxylic acids, whereas ketones resist oxidation. 18.14: Aldehydes and Ketones is shared under a not declared license and …

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1.9: Essential Elements for Life

WEBThe approximate elemental composition of a healthy 70.0 kg (154 lb) adult human is listed in Table 1.9.1 1.9. 1. Note that most living matter consists primarily of …

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1.8: Subatomic Particles

WEBThe charge of an atom is defined as follows: Atomic charge = number of protons − number of electrons (1.8.1) (1.8.1) Atomic charge = number of protons − number of electrons. As …

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14.2: Acids: Properties and Examples

WEBAcetylsalicylic Acid. Acetylsalicylic acid (also known as aspirin) is a medication used to treat pain, fever, and inflammation. Aspirin, in the form of leaves from the willow tree, has …

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3.5: Ionic Compounds- Formulas and Names

WEBNomenclature, a collection of rules for naming things, is important in science and in many other situations.This module describes an approach that is used to name …

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14.6: Glycols and Glycerol

WEBCommonly called glycerol or glycerin, 1,2,3-propanetriol is the most important trihydroxy alcohol. Like the two glycols, it is a sweet, syrupy liquid. Glycerol is …

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5.9: The pH and pOH Scales

WEBThe hydronium ion molarity in pure water (or any neutral solution) is 1.0 ×10−7 M at 25 °C. The pH and pOH of a neutral solution at this temperature are therefore: pH = − …

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9: Metals in Medicine

WEBThis chapter introduces three broad aspects of metals in medicine: nutritional requirements and diseases related thereto; the toxic effects of metals; and the use of metals for …

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Chemistry in Sports, Physiology, and Health

WEBChemistry explains or understands any subject in terms of the properties of atoms and molecules. Chemistry provides a unique perspective that complements many …

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10: Vitamin C Analysis (Experiment)

WEBVitamin C is a six carbon chain, closely related chemically to glucose. It was first isolated in 1928 by the Hungarian-born scientist Szent-Gyorgi and structurally …

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8.6: Medical uses of radioisotopes

WEBare short-lived or can be excreted from the body after use. Table 8.6.1 lists some radioisotopes commonly used in medical imaging. A low dose of the radioisotope is …

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11.5: Spontaneous Reactions and Free Energy

WEBRecall that the determining factors for spontaneity of a reaction are the enthalpy and entropy changes that occur for the system. The free energy change of a reaction is a …

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8.1: Concentrations of Solutions

WEBMass Percent. When the solute in a solution is a solid, a convenient way to express the concentration is a mass percent (mass/mass), which is the grams of solute …

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3.5: Ions and Ionic Compounds

WEBKey Takeaways. Ions form when atoms lose or gain electrons. Ionic compounds have positive ions and negative ions. Ionic formulas balance the total positive and negative …

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1.6: Functional Groups

WEBAlkenes (sometimes called olefins) have carbon-carbon double bonds, and alkynes have carbon-carbon triple bonds. Ethene, the simplest alkene example, is a gas that serves …

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4.2 Ionic and Covalent Compounds

WEBIonic compounds generally form from metals and nonmetals. Compounds that do not contain ions, but instead consist of atoms bonded tightly together in molecules …

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29.8: Urine Composition and Function

WEBNormal Chemical Composition of Urine. Urine is an aqueous solution of greater than 95% water, with a minimum of these remaining constituents, in order of decreasing …

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